For the past century, vocal fold paralysis (VFP) has been defined as the absence of movement or paralysis, resulting in loss of neural input. Electrophysiological investigations have shown that VFP is actually a heterogeneous clinical condition and is perhaps best thought of as a continuum of neurogenic dysfunction, encompassing partial denervation, complete denervation, variable degrees and patterns of reinnervation. It should not be surprising that paresis or incomplete paralysis in which some gross vocal fold mobility is retained has been considered alongside paralysis as a clinical entity 1 .
VFP is decrease movement or paralysis Which happen on vocal cords. This condition has the impact that deep into quality life of the sufferer and this becomes an important problem in the field of Ear, Nose and Throat. This condition is a manifestation of a disease that occurs in the cranial cavity, larynx, thorax, and mediastinum which causes paralysis of the vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) and also paralysis plika vocalist bilateral (VFPB) can bother physiological function larynx, that is breathing, protection channel breath, And phonation. PPV can occur due to mechanical fixation processes or due to neurogenic disorders 2 .
Research conducted by Anil et al. stated that UVFP was more common, namely 82% compared to VFPB, which was 18%, with the presentation of PPV on the left (52%) being greater than the right (48%). Group age Which most Lots experience PPV, that is between 51-60 year
(24%) and 61-70 years old (19%) with male gender (60%) more than Woman (40%) with comparison 3:2. They found that in patients with UVFP, the vocal folds were in the paramedian position in 78%, the intermedian position in 13%, and the median position in 9% 1 .
Study Which done by Wang, et al. state that one hundred Ninety-four patients with PPV were identified, including 178 cases with UVFP and 16 with VFPB. Age average moment diagnosis is 61 year, with range from 16 until 94 year. For patient with PPV unilateral, PPV left diagnosed on 122 (69%) patient And tape voice right paralysed on 56 (31%) patient. One hundred thirteen (58%) patients were male and 81 (42%) were female. Surgery is reason most general from PPV, counted around 119 patients (61.3%) patients. Surgical procedures included thyroid surgery for 56 patients, throat surgery for 44 patients, thoracic surgery (lung and heart surgery) for 13 patients, and spine surgery for 3 patients 3 .
The causes of UVFP have been widely reported over the past 40 years, including thyroid surgery, non-thyroid surgery, trauma, neurological disease, malignancy, intubation, infection, inflammation, and idiopathic causes. UVFP Which most Lots found moment This is consequence complications from surgical procedures. Based on research conducted by Misano and Merati, the risk of PPV due to surgical procedures that can injure the laryngeal nerves, namely thyroidectomy is 0.8-2.3%, heart/aortic surgery 2%, mediastinoscopy 0.2%-6%, esophagectomy 11%, and carotid endarterectomy 4% 3 .
The symptoms that arise in PPV depend on the damage to the larynx that is affected and the symptoms that arise vary from mild to severe and can be damage unilateral or bilateral. Paralysis plika vocalist can happen in children or person mature 1 . Paralysis plika vocalist Alone until now is still a serious problem in the field of ENT. This is due to the damage that happen to his nerves nature permanent. Various action intervention even started developed For minimize damage Which happen. By Because Therefore, this Literature Review will discuss in detail the diagnosis and management of PPV.